Question From Readers #15: Calculate Time To Empty The Tank

How Long Will It Take To Empty The Tank

A tank measures 3 feet x 32 feet x 40 feet. How long will it take to empty the tank if the pumps discharge rate is 120 gallons per min.

Solution:

1. Calculate the volume of the tank.

               Volume = 3 ft x 32 ft x 40 ft
                           = 3, 840 cubic feet

2. Convert cubic feet into gallons. But how many gallons in 1 cubic foot? It's 7.48 gallons.

              3, 840 ft³
         x       7.48    
              28, 732.2 gallons
        ÷          120      gal/min        to get time to empty the the tank
               239.36 minutes
         ÷      60                        to convert it into hours
              3.98933 hrs or 3 hrs 59 min 21 sec to empty the tank

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• Question From Readers #9

             

Converting Arc to Time

What is the equivalent of 1° 53' in time units?

Given:

Arc = 1° 53'  (Also equivalent to 1.88333 degrees)

What is asked:

Time units

Solution:

The earth rotates 15 degrees per hour.

1.88333° ×  1 hr  = 0.12555 hr ×  60 min  = 7.533 min
                  15°                              1 hr       -7              
                                                                  0.533 min × 60 sec  = 32 sec
                                                                                       1 min 
So 1° 53' is equal to 7 min 32 sec.

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• Time To Arc Conversion

Solving How Much Ship's Clock Be Advanced

A ship steams 090° T for 200 n.m. in Lat 49° 10’ N. By how much will her clocks have to the advanced?

Solution:

Step 1. We have to solve for the difference of longitude (dlo). We can use the parallel sailing formula in getting Dlo.

              Departure = Dlo × Cos Lat

                        Dlo = Dep ÷ Cos Lat

                        Dlo = 200 ÷ Cos 49° 10’       

                        Dlo = 305.88 n.m.

                                 ÷    60     (to convert it to degrees)

                        Dlo = 5.098°

Step 2. Convert degrees into time.

               Since the earth rotates 15 degrees of an arc per hour, so we have to divide the Dlo by 15.

             5.098 ÷ 15 = 00 h 20 min 23.5 sec is the final answer

How To Calculate Time When Abeam Of The Light

You are steering 163°T and a light was picked up dead ahead at a distance of 11 miles at 0142. You change course to pass the light 2 miles off abeam to starboard. If you are making 13 knots, what will be the time when abeam of the light?

Given:

                   163°T = Course

                 0142H = Time during observation

      11 nm = Distance of the ligh at 0142H

        2 nm = Distance off abeam of the light

What is asked?

            Time when abeam of the light.

Solution:

            Step 1. We have to solve for the distance run to abeam by using Pythagorean theory.

                         Distance = √11² - 2²

                                      = √121 – 4

                                      = √117

                                      = 10.8 nm

Step 2. Divide the 10.8 nm by the speed to get the time interval.

                       TI = (10.8 nm ÷ 13 knots) x 60

                           = 49.84 or 50 mins

           

Step 3. Solving for time to abeam of the lighthouse. Add Time Interval to the time during observation.

            0142H

        +     50 min

               92 min

        +1hr-60 min

           0232H is the time when abeam of the light

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